Public Assistance: Frequently Asked Questions
This page addresses the most frequently asked questions about TANF, general assistance, LIHEAP, Lifeline, emergency assistance, and welfare reform policy.
TANF
How long can I receive TANF benefits?
Federal law imposes a 60-month (5-year) cumulative lifetime limit on federally funded TANF cash assistance. Many states have adopted shorter time limits. States may exempt up to 20 percent of their caseload from the federal time limit for hardship, and some states use state funds to continue assistance beyond federal limits.
Do I have to work to receive TANF?
Most adult TANF recipients are required to participate in work or work-related activities. Requirements vary by state but typically include 20-40 hours per week of employment, job search, training, community service, or education. Exemptions may be available for parents of young children, individuals with documented disabilities, domestic violence survivors, and others depending on state policy.
How much will I receive from TANF?
TANF benefit amounts vary widely by state. For a family of three with no income, maximum monthly benefits range from approximately $170 to over $700. Benefits decrease as income increases. No state's TANF benefit reaches 100 percent of the federal poverty level.
Can I receive TANF if I do not have children?
Generally no. TANF serves families with dependent children. Childless adults may be eligible for general assistance in states that offer it, or for other programs such as SNAP and Medicaid.
Energy and utility assistance
How do I apply for LIHEAP?
Contact your state or local LIHEAP administering agency — often a Community Action Agency or the state energy office. The LIHEAP Clearinghouse at liheapch.acf.hhs.gov provides state-specific contact information. Applications are usually accepted during a seasonal window, though crisis assistance is available year-round.
How much energy assistance will I receive?
LIHEAP benefit amounts vary by state and household circumstance, typically ranging from $200 to $1,000 per heating season. The amount depends on household income, energy costs, household size, and available funding.
Can I get the Lifeline discount on my cell phone?
Yes. Lifeline provides a $9.25 monthly discount on voice or broadband service from a participating wireless or landline carrier. Apply through checklifeline.org or through a participating carrier. Only one Lifeline benefit is allowed per household.
Emergency assistance
What should I do if I am about to be evicted?
Call 211 immediately to identify local emergency rental assistance. Contact your local Department of Social Services about TANF emergency assistance. Contact legal aid for eviction defense — many communities have free legal services for tenants facing eviction. Contact Community Action Agencies, Salvation Army, and Catholic Charities for charitable assistance.
Can I get emergency help if I am not eligible for TANF?
Yes. Emergency assistance is often available through charitable organizations regardless of TANF eligibility. 211 can connect you with local resources. LIHEAP crisis intervention may be available for energy emergencies. SNAP (food assistance) and Medicaid have broader eligibility than TANF.
What is 211?
211 is a free, national helpline that connects people with local health and human services. Dial 2-1-1 or visit 211.org. Trained specialists assess your needs and provide referrals to local agencies that can help with rent, utilities, food, healthcare, and other needs.